Showing posts with label Universe. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Universe. Show all posts

Monday, May 3, 2010

Horizon: The Universe

In the Beginning there was Nothing and Nothing was in the Beginning. Then, in one Cosmic Explosion Everything was Created and in a Big Bang the Universe came into Existence. Energy became Matter and out of Darkness came Light. And when Darkness was Night and Light was Day, so there was Time. Then Stars moved across the Universe, and so there was Space. This is the Creation Myth of Modern Science. Is it wrong? Doesn’t it sound frightfully familiar? Is Everything We Know About the Universe Wrong? That’s the question the most recent installment of my favorite program BBC Horizon asks. First of all, this Creation Myth cannot explain the origin of Time and Space; it leaves open the question what came Before and what is Beyond. A while ago we spoke about the Inflation Theory of the Universe, which implies that there are an infinite number of universes infinitely expanding. This theory helps to explain why temperature remains constant throughout the universe, which shouldn’t be the result of a giant explosion, but could be due to inflation.

Another problem is that galaxies do not behave according to the laws of gravity: they move like a disc, with all the stars within a galaxy going at the same speed, rather than going faster the closer they get to the gravitational center. So another theory was proposed to account for this behavior. Can you guess what they called the theory? “Dark Matter”! Ooh, how sinister! Recent observations, moreover, appear to have discovered a motion of galactic clusters in the same direction (i.e., rather than outward), which has been dubbed “Dark Flow.” Evil, dark flow! Even more recent observations have lead to the conclusion that the universe isn’t just expanding infinitely, but is in fact expanding at an accelerated rate. This can only mean that there is some mysterious increase of cosmic energy, which – as you can guess by now – has been dubbed “Dark Energy”... A cosmic big bang, invisible dark matter, evil dark flow, omnipresent dark energy... It does make you wonder... we must be missing something, because this can’t be how the universe operates. There are too many exceptions and additional explanations required to make the theory work. Perhaps one day our children or our children’s children will learn an entirely new Creation Myth in school!

Monday, April 5, 2010

Horizon: Infinity

Infinity: Does it exist? Mathematically, naturally: in theory you can always continue counting – forever. You can always add one to any number, indefinitely, or multiply it by any number. To express large numbers, we can say ten raised to the power of nine for one billion (one followed by nine zeros); ten raised to the power of one hundred is called a googol (one followed by one hundred zeros), and ten raised to the power of a googol is called a googolplex (a number so large it cannot be written down). But a recent BBC Horizon installment goes beyond the possibility of numerical infinity. Its actual existence, its reality beyond mathematics. A mind boggling matter. Is infinity an invention of the human mind? Abstract nonsense, if you will. Philosophically, infinity is close to divinity. God cannot be finite, cannot be proven to exist. It’s a matter of faith. You have to believe in divinity. But does it enhance your life to believe infinity is real?

If infinity is possible, then anything is possible – even as unlikely as a monkey typing the complete works of Shakespeare. “My bounty is as boundless as the sea, my love as deep; the more I give to thee, the more I have, for both are infinite.” (Romeo & Juliette II:2, 133-135) How unlikely is it? It’s one in 10 with nine million zeros!

Is the universe infinite, and if so, are there an infinite number of parallel universes, too? Is time eternal? Is it cosmologically possible for the universe to be infinite and eternal? Or, to put it differently, if space and time were finite, what’s beyond? If the universe is infinite, there would be an infinite number of planets like earth, with an infinite number of individuals just like you and me. How insignificant does that make us? And the nearest exact copy of us is only two to the power of ten to the power of 118 meters away... Naturally, when speaking about the cosmos, we end up talking about the Big Bang, about the inflation theory of the universe, and before we know it, we hear about the logical conclusion that there are infinitely many infinite universes, infinitely expanding... I hope that, like me, you feel that this isn’t making any intuitive sense. It’s baffling, but infinitely fascinating!